Improved method of casting tuyeees



@eine tstrs atrut @frn WILLIAM P. LEWIS, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T() I-IlM- SELF AND WILLIAM H. SIMS.

Letters Patent No. 65,081, dated Jane 1I, 1867.

IMPROVED METHOD OI' CASTING TUYERES.

TO ALL WHO IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM I. Littvls, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Manufacturing Tuyeres; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thorcof,.reference being had to the accompanying drawing,- making a part ol this specification, which represents the section formed by a plane passing longitudinally through the axis ofthe centre pipe of a tuy'ere, and through the core, mould, fcc., in which the outer shell is to be cast.

Tuyeres of the description to which the drawing relates have long been in general use. I-Ieretofore they have been manufactured wholly or chiey from wrought iron, and the time, labor, and skill necessarily employed in forging them has rendered the process of manufacturing a slow one, and has given to the manufactured article a cost proportionately large. Various eiforts have been made to construct them of cast iron, but heretofore generally, if not always, without success, chiefly on account of the greatdifiiculty of so casting them as to secure joints permanently water-tight. My invention has this for its object, and consists in forming a centre pipe with an inward lian-ge or bevel on its outer surface at or near either end, on which to cast the ends or heads of the outer shell, and in providing one end or both ends of such centre pipe n'itha removable tip or stem. By this process of manufacture, tuyeres ofthe description or class referredto can'be made successfully, with watera tight joints, with a less expenditure of time and labor, and a greatly reduced cost.

To enable others skilled in the art to manufacture tuyeres by my improved modes, I will proceed to explain my invention and the devices I employ.

For material I commonly use castiron, though other fusible metals or metallic compounds may also be employed. The centre pipe a I cast around a conical core in any desirable mould and inV the ordinary way. At either end I cast the tip or stem b, easily r'emovableby the blow of a hammer, `on account of the thinness of the metal which connects it with the centre pipe a. The ends of the centre pipe a I make with an inward-ange or bevel, c e', on the outer face. The stem b, with the bevelled end of the centre pipe a, to which it isattached, -forms a notch, w, the lowest point of A'which is the point of fracture in removing the stem Z1, the thickness of metal at that point being merely suiiicient to support and steady the core and tuyere till the latter is cast. The bevels cle extend entirely around the ends of the centrefpipe a. On this pipe a 'as a core barrel I form, by a properly shaped core-box or otherwise, the core d, usually of sand, and of such shape and size that its outer face shall correspond to the inner face of the outer shell of the desired tuyere. To the core d I attach the tips e, two or more, to form the holes in the head of the tuyere for the admission of water. The ends of the co're d, with the exception ofthe tips e, extend only to the inner'edgcs of the bevels c e', above described. With a pat-Y tern, thel outer face of which shall correspond to the outer face of the tuyere to be manufactured, I form a mould, f, usually of dry sand,`and in the usual way. The length of the Acavity thus` prepared should be, as represented in the drawing, equal, or nearly so, to the length of the centre pipe a, between the outer extremities of the bevels c c, sothat when the shell is cast the outer face of its ends shall be flush with the extreme ends of the centre pipe a, as above described. In the cavity of the mouldfthus constructed, I place the centre pipe a and core d, steadying them usually, or holding them in their proper positions, by the stemor stems 6 packed in the sand of the mould f. Into the space or interval g y', between the core d vand mouldf, the molten metal is run to form the shell ofthe tuyere. The ends of such outer shell will thus be cast around and on to the bevel faces c c', andV the melted metal, running on to the solidified surfaces c c, will form therewith joints perfectly water-tight. y

But the chief difliculties which have heretofore been experienced commence at this point. Were the ends of the centre pipe a square-cornered instead of bevelled, and the ends of the outer shell cast against their convex surfaces or-square-cut ends, a tight joint might he formed; but the shrinkage of the metal in cooling, being both longitudinal and transverse, would quickly b'reak joints thus formed. But bythe use of the bevels c c', the shrinkage of the metal, in both a longitudinal and transverse direction, causes the ends of the-shell, cast in the cavities gg', to "hug the bevelled surfaces c and c the tighter, thereby improving the joints formed if they ,chance to be deficient, which will seldom or ever be the case, and in allen-ses rendering, them less lin-ble to future rupture from any cause. '.lhus Ina-de they will withstand the expansion and contraction to which in ordinary use they are necessarily subject. i

' Attempts have also been mede to manufacture tuyeres of the class referred to by casting the centre pipe a and the outer shell at one and the saine casting, but on account olf the unequal shrinkage of the various ports while cooling, tuyeres so cast uniformly break while being cooled, or else nre broken by the expansion and oon# traetion to which, under varying degrees of heat, they are subject in ordinary use. After the casting has been done substantially as. hereinbefore described, and the tuyere has been properly cooled, the sand ofthe Core d is removed through the openings made in the head of `the tuyere by the tips e. The stem I) is knocked 01T by a slight blow of a hammer, the ends ground smooth if so desired, and the tuyere otherwise finished at pleasure in the usual Way.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The method of bevelling the ends of the centre pipe of a tuyere, substantially as described, and casting the ends of the outer shell of the tuyere on to and around the surfaces so bevelled or flanged, substantially as and for the purposes above set forth. v

In testimony whereof I, the said WILLIAM P. LEWIS, have hereunto set my hand in presence of- WM. l. LEWIS.

Witnesses:

GEORGE H. CHRIsTY, W. D. LEWIS. 

